Version: 8.3.0

Deliver Low-Latency HLS live streams using Wowza Streaming Engine and THEOplayer

Wowza Streaming Engine™ media server software version 4.7.8 and later together with THEOplayer version 2.65 and later can deliver Low-Latency HLS (LL-HLS) live streams.

Low-Latency HLS streams conform to Apple’s preliminary protocol extension to the HLS spec.

SDKs

Web SDK	Android SDK	iOS SDK	tvOS SDK	Android TV SDK	Chromecast SDK
Yes	In Beta	In Beta	In Beta	In Beta	N/A

How to set up THEOplayer with Wowza Streaming Engine For LL-HLS

Prerequisites

There are three prerequisites in order to continue with this guide:

In order to generate LL-HLS streams, you must first get a SSL certificate to secure your port and configure the port for HTTPS playback. LL-HLS playback does not work without an SSL secured port. For information on how to do this, refer to How to Get an SSL Certificate from Wowza's Streamlock Service.
This guide expects that you have a THEOplayer license. If you are not using THEOplayer yet, you can start your free trial here. In addition, you will need a specify the LL-HLS feature flag when generating your SDK. Be sure to have THEOplayer version 2.65 or higher.
This guide expects that you are a Wowza Streaming Engine client and that you are integrated with their streaming infrastructure. Information on Wowza Streaming Engine can be found here. Be sure to have Wowza Streaming Engine media server software version 4.7.8 or higher.

Please Note: Wowza occasionally update their documentation, which can be accessed here.

Configure a live application to deliver LL-HLS streams

You can use the default live application that installs with Wowza Streaming Engine or create and use a new Live or Live HTTP Origin application. Use the Live application type for sending streams from Wowza Streaming Engine to clients or Wowza Streaming Engine edges. Use the Live HTTP Origin application type to connect to a CDN edge, such as the Fastly CDN, that can pull streams from the Wowza Streaming Engine origin application.

The following steps use the default live application to enable LL-HLS live streaming by editing the Application.xml and VHost.xml configuration files.

You can use the default live application that installs with Wowza Streaming Engine or create and use a new Live or Live HTTP Origin application. Use the Live application type for sending streams from Wowza Streaming Engine to clients or Wowza Streaming Engine edges. Use the Live HTTP Origin application type to connect to a CDN edge, such as the Fastly CDN, that can pull streams from the Wowza Streaming Engine origin application.

The following steps use the default live application to enable LL-HLS live streaming by editing the Application.xml and VHost.xml configuration files.

Please Note: If you're trying to use the CMAF packetizer to deliver LL-HLS and HLS or MPEG-DASH streams, you must use two separate live applications: one configured specifically for LL-HLS and another for CMAF-packetized HLS and MPEG-DASH.

Enable LL-HLS in Wowza Streaming Engine XML

The following steps enable transmuxing for CMAF packetization for LL-HLS delivery.

Navigate to [install-dir]/conf/live or [install-dir]/conf/[custom live application] and open the Application.xml file in a text editor.
Add cmafstreamingpacketizer to the LiveStreamPacketizers property. You can add it to the prepopulated comma-separated list, or it can be the only packetizer specified. The XML looks like this:

<Streams>
    ...
    <LiveStreamPacketizers>cmafstreamingpacketizer</LiveStreamPacketizers>
    ...
</Streams>

Please Note: If you enable cupertinostreamingpacketizer and cmafstreamingpacketizer, Wowza Streaming Engine generates both MPEG-TS segments (using cupertinostreamingpacketizer) and fMP4 segments (using cmafstreamingpacketizer).

Add the cmafLLEnableLowLatency property to the LiveStreamPacketizer container element and set it to true.

<LiveStreamPacketizer>
    <Properties>
        <Property>
            <Name>cmafLLEnableLowLatency</Name>
            <Value>true</Value>
            <Type>Boolean</Type>
        </Property>
    </Properties>
</LiveStreamPacketizer>

For the HTTPStreamers property, make sure HLS (cupertinostreaming) is specified. The XML looks like this:

<HTTPStreamers>cupertinostreaming</HTTPStreamers>

Go to [install-dir]/conf/ and open the VHost.xml file in a text editor.
Add the AllowHttp2 property to the <SSLConfig> container element in the <HostPort> you configured for SSL/TLS and set it to true.

<SSLConfig>
    ...
    <AllowHttp2>true</AllowHttp2>
    ...
</SSLConfig>

Save your changes.

Your live application is now configured to deliver LL-HLS streams.

Configure optional low latency partial segment properties and media playlist property

Configuring the following properties is optional as Wowza Streaming Engine will use the property's default value for any of the properties that you do not configure. You can configure the optional LL-HLS properties by editing the Application.xml file for your LL-HLS live stream application. For information about configuring custom (optional) properties, see Add custom properties.

Low latency CMAF property reference

You can configure any of these optional LiveStreamPacketizer properties for the LL-HLS segments and video and audio partial segments (chunks) in the Application/LiveStreamPacketizer/Properties container element.

Please Note: If partial segments are too small, servers can become overloaded with frequent media playlist requests and cause playback to be less reliable.

Name	Type	Description
cmafLLChunkingScheme	String	Specifies the chunking scheme for low latency CMAF-packetized streams. Valid values are byFrame or byDuration. The default is byDuration. If the value is byDuration, packetization is configured using the cmafLLChunkDurationTargetAudio and cmafLLChunkDurationTargetVideo properties. If the value is byFrame, packetization is configured using the cmafLLChunkFrameCountTargetAudio and cmafLLChunkFrameCountTargetVideo properties.
cmafLLChunkDurationTargetAudio	Integer	Specifies, in milliseconds, the target duration of each low latency CMAF audio chunk. The default is 1000 and is recommended. The duration cannot exceed the cmafSegmentDurationTarget value. This property is only available if cmafLLChunkingScheme is byDuration.
cmafLLChunkDurationTargetVideo	Integer	Specifies, in milliseconds, the target duration of each low latency CMAF video chunk. The default is 1000 and is recommended. The duration cannot exceed the cmafSegmentDurationTarget value. This property is only available if cmafLLChunkingScheme is byDuration.
cmafLLChunkFrameCountTargetAudio	Integer	Specifies the target number of audio frames to include in each low latency CMAF audio chunk. The default is 47 and is recommended. This property is only enabled if cmafLLChunkingScheme is byFrame.
cmafLLChunkFrameCountTargetAudio	Integer	Specifies the target number of audio frames to include in each low latency CMAF audio chunk. The default is 30 and is recommended. This property is only enabled if cmafLLChunkingScheme is byFrame.
cmafSegmentDurationTarget	Integer	Specifies, in milliseconds, the duration of the fMP4 segments in the stream. The default is 6000 (6 seconds) and is recommended. This property is configurable from the CMAFStreamingPacketizer properties section in Wowza Streaming Engine Manager.

Advanced LL-HLS property reference

For advanced tuning, you can configure the following optional HTTPStreamer property in the Application/HTTPStreamer/Properties container element.

Name	Type	Description
cupertinoPartHoldBack (4.8.0 and later)	Double	Specifies, in floating-point seconds, the server-recommended minimum distance from the live edge at which clients should begin to play or seek in a LL-HLS stream (the PART-HOLD-BACK attribute in media playlists). If you do not configure this property, Wowza Streaming Engine uses the default value, which is recommended. The default value is calculated as three times the maximum value of PART-TARGET out of all of a stream's variant media playlists. Please Note: PART-TARGET is an attribute of the EXT-X-PART-INF tag in media playlists and is based on the target values set with the cmafLLChunkDurationTargetVideo and cmafLLChunkDurationTargetAudio properties or the cmafLLChunkFrameCountTargetVideo and cmafLLChunkFrameCountTargetAudio properties. Wowza Streaming Engine will adjust the PART-HOLD-BACK value to be equal to the maximum value of PART-TARGET (across all variant media playlists) if you set this property to less than a partial segment duration.

Transcoding considerations for LL-HLS

To bypass encoding streams with Transcoder, source streams should meet the following encoding recommendations. Otherwise, transcoding is recommended. Although a small amount of latency is introduced with transcoding, if your source stream does not meet the encoding recommendations, transcoding will ultimately improve reliability of LL-HLS streaming.

Encoding recommendations

CMAF-supported codecs (required)

Video	Audio
- H.264, H.265	- AAC, AAC-LC, HE-AAC (AAC+ or aacPlus), - HE-AACv2 (enhanced AAC+, aacPlus v2) - Dolby Digital 5.1 Surround Sound (AC-3) and Dolby Digital Plus (Enhanced AC-3 or E-AC-3)

GOP size: 1 or 2 seconds
Closed GOPs
H.264 and H.265 byte streams contain metadata about the GOP structure
Constant frame rate video

A stream configured for transcoding and LL-HLS delivery cannot use Passthrough for the Video Codec of a stream rendition but not other renditions of the same stream. If you use Passthrough to pass a video source through to output without making any changes for any Video Codec in a stream's renditions, all of the video codecs must be set to Passthrough.

Stream name groups (NGRP) are not supported with LL-HLS. To group multiple stream renditions for LL-HLS, you need to create a SMIL file in accordance with CMAF HLS. See Set up adaptive bitrate CMAF streaming for how to do this.

Scale LL-HLS with a CDN

Optionally, with your own CDN account, you can scale LL-HLS delivery by connecting a Wowza Streaming Engine Live HTTP Origin application to a CDN edge that can pull streams from the Wowza Streaming Engine origin application, such as the Fastly CDN.

To connect the Live HTTP Origin application to your CDN, provide the IP address or hostname of the Wowza Streaming Engine origin server in your CDN configuration. Also in your CDN configuration, enable connecting to the origin server over SSL/TLS using the port you configured for SSL/TLS in the Wowza Streaming Engine origin (default port 443).

Test stream playback

After your live application is configured to deliver an LL-HLS stream, complete the stream setup by connecting a source encoder or IP camera to Wowza Streaming Engine and publishing the live source stream to the server. When the camera or encoder is connected and the live stream is active, test LL-HLS playback using a supported test player.

To test LL-HLS live streams when only cmafstreamingpacketizer is enabled, specify the stream playback URL using one of the following formats:

Single bitrate https://[address]/[application]/[application-instance]/[stream-name]/playlist.m3u8

If cmafstreamingpacketizer and cupertinostreamingpacketizer are enabled, specify the stream playback URL using one of the following formats:

Single bitrate https://[address]/[application]/[application-instance]/[stream-name]/playlist_sfm4s.m3u8

Where:

[address] is the IP address or domain and port (default port 443) [application] is the application name [application-instance] is the name of the application instance (if omitted, defaults to definst) [stream-name] is the stream name So, for example, if only cmafstreamingpacketizer is enabled, the playlist URL for an adaptive bitrate LL-HLS stream that uses the address example.com, the default live application, and the default stream name myStream is:

https://example.com/live/smil:myStream.smil/playlist.m3u8

If cmafstreamingpacketizer and cupertinostreamingpacketizer are both enabled, the adaptive bitrate LL-HLS playlist URL for the same example is:

https://example.com/live/smil:myStream.smil/playlist_sfm4s.m3u8

and the playback URL for the Cupertino HLS stream is either:

https://example.com/live/smil:myStream.smil/playlist.m3u8

https://example.com/live/smil:myStream.smil/playlist_sfts.m3u8

where _sfts indicates that the media playlist contains .ts segments.

Configure THEOplayer to play your LL-HLS stream

Web SDK

Setup a basic HTML file and include the THEOplayer library. You can check: How to get started with THEOplayer Web SDK.
Specify the LL-HLS stream generated above, as the src parameter in your source configuration
Set the flag lowLatency parameter to TRUE, in your source configuration

<script>
  // LL-HLS
  player.source = {
    sources: [
      {
        src: "https://5d6e17f1ca731.streamlock.net/LowLatencyBBB/myStream/playlist.m3u8", // set the LL-HLS source
        type: "application/x-mpegurl", // set the type to HLS
        lowLatency: true
      }
    ]
  };
</script>

Conclusion

THEOplayer is partnered with Wowza Streaming Engine to fully implement low-latency HLS (LL-HLS) streaming playback.

SDKs​

How to set up THEOplayer with Wowza Streaming Engine For LL-HLS​

Prerequisites​

Configure a live application to deliver LL-HLS streams​

Enable LL-HLS in Wowza Streaming Engine XML​

Configure optional low latency partial segment properties and media playlist property​

Low latency CMAF property reference​

Advanced LL-HLS property reference​

Transcoding considerations for LL-HLS​

Encoding recommendations​

Scale LL-HLS with a CDN​

Test stream playback​

Configure THEOplayer to play your LL-HLS stream​

Web SDK​

Conclusion​

Resources​